EN 10088-2 X3CrNiMo17-13-3 1.4436 Stainless Steel Plate

EN 10088-2 X3CrNiMo17-13-3 1.4436 stainless steel plate is an austenitic flat product supplied to EN 10088-2, the European standard for stainless steel sheet, plate and strip for general purposes. X3CrNiMo17-13-3 contains up to 0.05 % carbon, 16.5 – 18.5 % chromium, 10.5 – 13.0 % nickel and 2.50 – 3.00 % molybdenum. It is the higher-molybdenum counterpart of 1.4401, in the same way that 1.4432 is the higher-molybdenum counterpart of 1.4404. EN 10088-2 places 1.4436 among its special grades, defined as grades for special use and/or with limited availability, so sizes and lead time should be confirmed at enquiry. It is listed as cold rolled strip up to 8 mm, continuously hot rolled strip up to 13.5 mm and hot rolled plate up to 75 mm, solution annealed. Table 7 rates it resistant to intergranular corrosion as delivered but not after sensitization.

SHH STEEL works as a steel sourcing partner with long-term relationships with Chinese stainless mills that roll austenitic CrNiMo hot rolled plate, coil and cold rolled sheet. For large tonnages, the buyer can contract directly with a suitable mill, with SHH STEEL assisting for a modest service fee and handling follow-up and documents. For small orders we consolidate demand, so that 1 – 5 t lots are placed against genuine mill production instead of stock of unknown origin. Each shipment can be released after third-party inspection by TUV, ABS, BV, DNV, CCS or an agency the buyer nominates, and payment by TT or LC is accepted. The rest of this page covers the technical side of EN 10088-2 1.4436 and the steps we take so that the sheet that arrives is the sheet that was ordered.

The table below lists the concerns buyers raise most often when sourcing EN 10088-2 X3CrNiMo17-13-3 sheet and plate from China, and how SHH STEEL deals with each of them.

1.4436 falls within the UNS S31600, Type 316, limits in ASTM A240 (see ASTM A240 Type 316 sheet and plate) for carbon, nickel and molybdenum. For pressure equipment it is ordered to EN 10028-7; see EN 10028-7 1.4436 pressure vessel plate.

A heat can meet both 1.4436 and S31600 if chromium is 16.5 – 18.0 % and silicon at most 0.75 %. A 316 heat with 2.00 – 2.49 % molybdenum or more than 0.05 % carbon does not meet 1.4436. SHH STEEL checks these overlaps when a buyer needs dual certification.

1.4436 is also listed in EN 10028-7:2016 for pressure purposes. That standard may set its own test and property requirements, which we have not reproduced here.

Edition note: the values on this page are taken from EN 10088-2:2014. A revised edition (EN 10088-2:2024) has since been published. If your contract names the newer edition, SHH STEEL checks the order against that text before production, and any difference is raised at the quotation stage rather than after rolling.

The 1.4436 chemical composition below is the cast (heat) analysis from EN 10088-2:2014 Table 1. Values are percentages by mass; a single figure is a maximum.

The 1.4436 molybdenum of 2.50 – 3.00 % and carbon limit of 0.05 % are what separate it from 1.4401. Footnote b to Table 1 permits controlled sulphur ranges: 0.015 – 0.030 % for machinability, 0.008 – 0.015 % for weldability, and 0.015 % max. for polishability. SHH STEEL checks molybdenum, carbon and nickel on every certificate as part of the 1.4436 chemical composition review.

Product analysis tolerances (EN 10088-2 Table 5)

A product analysis is a check made on the delivered sheet. It is not mandatory under EN 10088-2; it is carried out when agreed at the time of enquiry and order, and SHH STEEL can arrange it through a partner laboratory. The permissible tolerances on the cast limits are:

Where several product analyses are made on one cast, individual results may exceed the maximum or fall below the minimum, but not both for the same element. If a product analysis is required, it should be stated in the order together with the Table 5 tolerances.

The 1.4436 mechanical properties below are the room-temperature values from EN 10088-2:2014 Table 7 for austenitic steels in the solution annealed condition. Test pieces are transverse; the A80 elongation applies below 3 mm and the proportional elongation A from 3 mm.

Rp1.0 values are for guidance only. For continuously hot rolled products, 20 MPa higher minimum Rp0.2 and 10 MPa higher Rp1.0 may be agreed. For strip in rolling widths below 300 mm tested longitudinally, the minimum proof strength is reduced by 15 MPa and elongation by 5 % (constant gauge) or 2 % (proportional gauge). For bigger sizes than those listed, mechanical values are to be agreed.

Table 7 rates 1.4436 resistance to intergranular corrosion (EN ISO 3651-2) as “yes” in the delivery condition and “no” in the sensitized condition, where footnote k defines sensitization as 15 minutes at 700 °C followed by cooling in air.

Cold worked condition (process route 2H)

EN 10088-2 Tables 19 and 20 list no cold worked (2H) strength levels for 1.4436, so the grade is ordered in the solution annealed condition (+AT). Where a higher strength is needed, 1.4401 or 1.4571 (+C700 and +C850) are the usual options.

Minimum proof strength at elevated temperature (EN 10088-2 Table 12, +AT)

EN 10088-2 Table 12 gives values from 100 °C to 550 °C for this grade, for the solution annealed condition (+AT). They are minimum values for design and are not tested unless agreed.

EN 10088-2 Table A.1 gives the following guideline temperatures for 1.4436:

The footnotes to Table A.1 state that with a continuous furnace the upper part of the range is usually preferred or even exceeded, and that the lower end of the range should be aimed at when the heat treatment is part of further processing, because otherwise the mechanical properties may be affected. Solution annealing may be omitted if hot working and cooling achieve the required mechanical properties and resistance to intergranular corrosion.

The Euro Inox tables give the same 1 030 – 1 110 °C range with cooling in air or water. Because 1.4436 is rated “no” for intergranular corrosion after sensitization, slow cooling through the sensitizing range should be avoided. Material is delivered as +AT.

The values below are approximate reference figures for X3CrNiMo17-13-3 at room temperature, from the worldstainless “Tables of Technical Properties”, which follow EN 10088-1. They are suitable for design estimates and weight calculation; where a figure is critical, use EN 10088-1 itself.

The worldstainless table gives 1.4436 the same density, modulus, expansion, conductivity and resistivity as 1.4401. 1.4436 is not listed in the EN 10088-1 extract by Häuselmann that we use for magnetic behaviour, so the magnetic statement above is the general austenitic one.

The Euro Inox fabrication tables describe 1.4436 as similar to 1.4435, “however for temperatures of up to 350 °C”. EN 10088-2 Table 7 rates its resistance to intergranular corrosion, tested to EN ISO 3651-2, as “yes” in the delivery condition and “no” in the sensitized condition, which footnote k defines as 15 minutes at 700 °C followed by cooling in air. The minimum of 2.50 % molybdenum gives a higher floor for pitting resistance than 1.4401, whose minimum is 2.00 %.

For heavy welded sections, the low-carbon EN 10088-2 1.4432 plate has the same molybdenum range and is rated “yes” after sensitization; 1.4435 adds more nickel and chromium.

As EN 10088-2 notes, corrosion resistance depends strongly on the environment and cannot always be judged from laboratory tests, so experience with the grade in similar service should be used.

1.4436 is weldable by the common arc and resistance processes.

• The Euro Inox fabrication tables rate TIG/MIG, manual metal arc and resistance welding as suitable for 1.4436; they give no rating for autogenous welding.
• Filler materials listed are 1.4430, 1.4576, 1.4403, 1.4436, 1.4453 and 1.4440.
• EN 10088-2 Table 7 rates 1.4436 “no” for intergranular corrosion after sensitization, so heat input should be controlled and a low-carbon grade considered for thick welded plate.
• EN 10088-2 does not specify welding procedures; these are published guidelines and general practice.

These points reflect industry practice for austenitic CrNiMo stainless steels rather than requirements of EN 10088-2, which does not specify welding procedures. In the SHH STEEL workshop, blanks and slit strips are cut with clean, burr-free edges so that seam, spot and tube welding run without edge preparation problems.

Annealed 1.4436 forms well with standard austenitic practice and work-hardens during forming, so forming forces are higher than for carbon steel and springback should be allowed for. Table 7 gives it the same proof strength as 1.4401.

Thick plate is cut by plasma or waterjet, and sheet by laser or shearing. Machining needs sharp tools and positive feeds to avoid work hardening at the cut.

We run our own workshop next to the warehouse, so 1.4436 hot rolled plate and X3CrNiMo17-13-3 plate blanks can be delivered cut to size, laser-cut or bent, with protective film on visible surfaces. Details are on our steel cutting services and bending and forming services pages.

1.4436 is listed in EN 10088-2 as cold rolled strip, continuously hot rolled strip and hot rolled plate, all solution annealed; as a special grade, not every size is rolled by every mill.

EN 10088-2 Table 7 gives mechanical values for hot rolled plate up to 75 mm; for bigger sizes the mechanical values shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. Under section 6.9 of the standard, EN ISO 18286 normally applies only to individually rolled quarto plate, while continuously rolled material follows EN ISO 9444-2.

SHH STEEL can supply 1.4436 hot rolled plate and 1.4436 cold rolled sheet, in standard sizes or cut to your drawing, after confirming availability with the mill.

Surface finish is ordered by the process route symbols of EN 10088-2 Table 6; trade names from ASTM and JIS are shown for reference. Not every route is available for every grade, and the mill confirms which ones it can supply.

The No.1, No.4 and BA cross-references follow worldstainless and IMOA comparison tables; EN 10088-2 itself defines only the EN symbols, and not every route is available for every grade. Special finishes such as 1J and 2J apply to one surface unless otherwise agreed. The Euro Inox tables give no polishability rating for 1.4436, so a polished finish should be agreed with the mill.

The nearest 1.4436 equivalent is UNS S31600 (316); there is no separate ASTM grade, and 1.4436 is in effect a high-molybdenum, lower-carbon subset of 316.

For Chinese pressure vessels the grade is ordered as GB/T 713.7 S31608 pressure vessel plate with agreed carbon and molybdenum limits. Buying any of these foreign grades without those limits may deliver material that does not meet 1.4436.

1.4436 vs 1.4401 and 1.4432

Compared with EN 10088-2 1.4401 plate, 1.4436 has 2.50 – 3.00 % molybdenum against 2.00 – 2.50 %, a lower carbon limit (0.05 % against 0.07 %) and a nickel minimum of 10.5 %; both are rated “no” after sensitization, and Table 12 gives identical values. Its plate has a slightly wider tensile range (530 – 730 MPa) and 40 % elongation against 45 %. Compared with 1.4432, it allows more carbon and is not rated resistant after sensitization.

Typical applications of 1.4436 plate and sheet follow those of 1.4401 where a higher molybdenum minimum is specified:

• Chemical process equipment
• Food-processing equipment
• Tanks for aggressive media
• Chloride-containing water systems
• Pressure parts (to EN 10028-7)

For pressure equipment, 1.4436 plate is ordered to EN 10028-7; for other uses, EN 10088-2 applies. The list above is general practice for 316-type steels; the Euro Inox tables refer to 1.4435 for 1.4436 uses.

Buyers choose 1.4436 when a specification calls for 316 with at least 2.5 % molybdenum. SHH STEEL can advise when 1.4432 is the better choice for welded plate.

For 1.4436 the main risks are molybdenum below 2.50 %, carbon above 0.05 %, and availability of a special grade.

None of these steps is complicated, but they need to be agreed at the start. When you send an enquiry, tell us which of these points matters most to you, and the order will be built around it.

Every 1.4436 order is supported by documents and checks that make the material traceable to the heat:

• Cast analysis with molybdenum, carbon, chromium and nickel checked
• Tensile test (transverse) to Table 7
• Impact test for plate over 10 mm when agreed
• Intergranular corrosion test to EN ISO 3651-2 when agreed
• Thickness, flatness and surface inspection
• Additional checks through our third-party testing service: PMI, dimensional, flatness and surface inspection

If the order does not name an inspection document, EN 10088-2 requires only a test report 2.2. Because this is rarely enough for chemical, food and water equipment or export work, SHH STEEL supplies an EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate as standard and a 3.2 certificate when an independent inspector (TUV, ABS, BV, DNV, CCS or an agency you nominate) witnesses testing and countersigns the document.

Ordering example and lead time

Following the pattern of the example in EN 10088-2, a typical order line would read: 10 plates, 6 mm × 1 500 mm × 6 000 mm, EN ISO 18286, EN 10088-2, steel X3CrNiMo17-13-3 (1.4436), process route 1D, inspection certificate 3.1 to EN 10204. Mill production lead time is generally 30 – 40 days from order confirmation, depending on the rolling schedule, the size and the tests requested. Consolidated small lots follow the same mill schedule, and we send progress updates at rolling, testing and packing.

• Mill relationships: long-term cooperation with Chinese stainless mills helps us secure competitive pricing and steadier delivery for 1.4436 and related austenitic grades.
• Direct mill contracts: for larger tonnages you can contract directly with a suitable mill, for a modest service fee, while we handle follow-up and documents.
• Order consolidation: 1 – 5 t lots are combined so they can be placed against genuine mill production.
• Own workshop: slitting, cut-to-length, laser cutting, bending and protective film before shipment.
• Inspection and certificates: third-party inspection by TUV, ABS, BV, DNV, CCS or your nominated agency, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificates.
• Flexible payment: TT, LC or a combination of both.
• Port logistics: coil and sheet are packed seaworthy with heat-number labels and shipped through our worldwide shipping service, together with other grades if needed.

As a 1.4436 plate supplier SHH STEEL also stocks and sources the wider range of stainless steel sheets and plates, so mixed orders of different stainless grades can travel in one container with one set of paperwork.

EN 10088-2 X3CrNiMo17-13-3 1.4436 is the 316-type austenitic special grade with 2.50 – 3.00 % molybdenum, supplied as hot rolled plate up to 75 mm and cold rolled sheet where 1.4401 needs a higher molybdenum floor. Choosing it is the easy part. Getting genuine material that matches the certificate, in the gauge and finish your parts need and on a predictable schedule, is where a sourcing partner earns its place, and that is the work SHH STEEL does every day through long-term mill cooperation, consolidation and its own workshop.

The next step is simple. Send SHH STEEL your drawing, or an enquiry with the quantity, thickness, width, finish and delivery destination, and we will judge whether a direct mill contract or consolidation with processing fits your order better, and quote accordingly. Send your sizes and quantities for a quotation.