GB/T 4237 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi S51290 Stainless Steel Plate Supplier
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi S51290 plate at a glance
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi is a martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless of the 455 type (UNS S45500 family): Cr 11–12.5%, Ni 7.5–9.5%, Cu 1.5–2.5%, Ti 0.80–1.40%. After a simple aging treatment it reaches very high strength with good toughness.
Reading the designation: ‘022’ gives the carbon level (C ≤0.05% in GB/T 4237), followed by Cr12 = about 12% chromium; Ni9 = about 9% nickel; Cu2 = about 2% copper; Nb = niobium added; Ti = titanium added. S51290 is the unified numeric code (ISC) used in GB/T 4237-2015.
SHH STEEL produces and exports precipitation-hardening stainless plate from China, works as a sales agent for leading stainless mills, and runs its own processing warehouse for cutting and surface finishing. 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi is part of our GB/T 4237 stainless plate range; for comparison, see our JIS G4305 SUS630 (17-4 PH) page.
GB/T 4237 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi specification details
| Item | GB/T 4237-2015 requirement / SHH STEEL supply |
|---|---|
| Standard | GB/T 4237-2015 Hot rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip (current edition, replaces GB/T 4237-2007) |
| Grade / unified code | 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi / S51290 |
| Steel class | Precipitation-hardening |
| Chemical composition | Table 19 (heat analysis); product analysis per GB/T 222 |
| Mechanical properties | Tables 24 and 25 |
| Product forms | Hot-rolled thick plate (3.0 – 200 mm in the standard), hot-rolled wide strip and cut plate (2.0 – 25.4 mm) |
| Our usual thickness range | 2 – 16 mm (thicker by mill agreement) |
| Delivery condition | Solution 829 °C ± 15 °C; ageing 480 – 510 °C by agreement |
| Surface | Hot rolled, heat treated, pickled (No.1 / 1D) as standard; ground or polished by agreement |
| Density | 7.8 g/cm³ |
| Certificate | EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate; 3.2 with third-party inspection on request |
Sister grades on the same standard are listed under GB/T 4237; cold-rolled sheet of the same chemistry is ordered to GB/T 3280, and all our plate lines sit in stainless steel sheets and plates.
Heat analysis limits for 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi
| Element | 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi heat analysis, % (Table 19) | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.05 | Carbon. Low values protect welds from carbide precipitation; higher values add hot strength or hardenability. |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 | Silicon. Deoxidizer; in heat-resistant grades it builds a protective scale. |
| Mn | ≤ 0.50 | Manganese. Deoxidizer; in Mn-bearing grades it replaces nickel and keeps nitrogen in solution. |
| P | ≤ 0.040 | Phosphorus. Impurity, kept low for toughness and weld cracking resistance. |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | Sulfur. Impurity; low sulfur improves pitting resistance, hot workability and polishability. |
| Cr | 11.00 – 12.50 | Chromium. Forms the passive film; the main driver of corrosion and oxidation resistance. |
| Ni | 7.50 – 9.50 | Nickel. Stabilizes austenite, improves toughness and resistance to reducing acids. |
| Mo | ≤ 0.50 | Molybdenum. Raises pitting and crevice resistance in chlorides (×3.3 in PREN). |
| Cu | 1.50 – 2.50 | Copper. Improves resistance to sulfuric acid and, in ferritics, general corrosion and formability. |
| Ti | 0.80 – 1.40 | Titanium. Ties up carbon and nitrogen (stabilization), or forms hardening precipitates in PH grades. |
| Other | Nb+Ta: 0.10 – 0.50 | Stabilizing / special-element requirement of the standard |
| PREN (Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N) | 11.0 – 11.8 (minimum – mid-range) | Calculated from the limits above, not a requirement of GB/T 4237 |
Values are maximum unless a range is given. The mill reports the ladle (heat) analysis on the certificate; this is the figure to compare with Table 19.
Check analysis of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi plate
A check analysis drilled from the finished plate may differ slightly from the heat analysis. GB/T 4237 refers to GB/T 222 for the permitted deviations; the table applies them to the 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi limits. Deviations apply to one side of a range only, never to both sides in the same heat.
| Element | Heat analysis limit (%) | Permitted deviation | Product analysis limit (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.05 | ±0.01 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 | ±0.05 | ≤ 0.55 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.50 | ±0.03 | ≤ 0.53 |
| P | ≤ 0.040 | +0.005 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | +0.005 | ≤ 0.035 |
| Cr | 11.00 – 12.50 | ±0.15 | 10.85 – 12.65 |
| Ni | 7.50 – 9.50 | ±0.10 | 7.40 – 9.60 |
| Mo | ≤ 0.50 | ±0.03 | ≤ 0.53 |
| Cu | 1.50 – 2.50 | ±0.10 | 1.40 – 2.60 |
| Ti | 0.80 – 1.40 | ±0.05 (min) / ±0.07 (max) | 0.75 – 1.47 |
Where the table says ‘by agreement’, the deviation is not tabulated for that content level and should be agreed in the contract, usually by reference to ASTM A480 Table A1.1.
Mechanical properties of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi plate
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi is ordered in the solution-treated condition (Solution treated (829 °C ± 15 °C, Annex C)). The aged values below show what the user can reach after the agreed hardening route (Tables 24 and 25).
| Condition | Rp0.2, MPa | Rm, MPa | A, % | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solution treated | By agreement | — | — | HRC ≤ 33 typical |
| H900-type ageing 480 °C | ≥ 1 410 (ASTM A693 XM-16 ref.) | ≥ 1 525 | ≥ 3 | — |
| H950-type ageing 510 °C | ≥ 1 275 (ASTM A693 ref.) | ≥ 1 380 | ≥ 3 | — |
Bend test, solution-treated plate: D = 6a, 2.0–5.0 mm.
Annealing / solution treatment
Recommended heat treatment for 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (GB/T 4237-2015 Annex C): Solution 829 °C ± 15 °C; ageing 480 – 510 °C by agreement.
Precipitation-hardening plate is delivered solution treated (condition A). The hardening treatment is done after machining or forming.
Hardening routes for this PH grade
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi gains strength by precipitation of fine particles during ageing. Annex C gives the solution treatment (Solution 829 °C ± 15 °C; ageing 480 – 510 °C by agreement); the ageing route is chosen by the user.
| Condition | Treatment (typical) |
|---|---|
| H900-type ageing 480 °C | by agreement |
| H950-type ageing 510 °C | by agreement |
Higher ageing temperature gives lower strength but better toughness and stress corrosion resistance.
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi equivalent grades: ASTM, EN, JIS
| Standard system | Equivalent / closest grade |
|---|---|
| China GB/T 4237-2015 | 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (S51290) |
| ASTM A693 | XM-16 / S45500 (ASTM A693) |
| EN 10088-2 | X5CrNiCuNb16-4 is not equivalent; closest 1.4543 X3CrNiCuTiNb12-9 |
| JIS G4304 (hot rolled) | — |
| Common name | 455-type maraging PH |
Equivalent grades are close in chemistry and properties but are never identical: limits on carbon, nitrogen and residual elements differ. For dual or multiple certification the heat must meet every standard named on the order, and we confirm that from the heat chemistry before quotation.
Related pages: JIS G4305 SUS630. See also our ASTM A240/A240M and JIS G4305 plate lists.
Welding and fabrication of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi
PH stainless steels are normally welded in the solution-treated condition with matching filler, then re-solution treated and aged together with the part.
Welding after ageing destroys the precipitates in the HAZ. If ageing after welding is not possible, design the joint for annealed-state strength.
Form in the solution-treated condition only.
Corrosion behaviour and intergranular corrosion tests
Precipitation-hardening grades have corrosion resistance between 410 and 304 depending on chromium and molybdenum content.
PREN of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi from the GB/T 4237 limits: 11.0 – 11.8. PREN is a ranking tool for pitting in chlorides, not a guarantee; temperature, crevices, deposits and weld finish matter as much.
Intergranular corrosion testing is not a GB/T 4237 requirement for precipitation-hardening plate; stress corrosion behaviour depends mainly on the ageing condition chosen.
If service is harsher than 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi can handle, the next step up in this batch is GB/T 4237 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al S51380.
Typical uses of GB/T 4237 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi
Typical uses (after ageing):
- High-strength aerospace and defence parts
- Springs and fasteners
- Surgical and instrument components
- Shafts and gears
Buyers specifying 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi for these jobs often compare it with GB/T 4237 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al S51380 and GB/T 4237 07Cr15Ni7Mo2Al S51570; the comparison table on this page shows the differences.
Other GB/T 4237 grades buyers request alongside it: GB/T 4237 06Cr17Ni7AlTi S51778, GB/T 4237 12Cr13 S41010, GB/T 4237 06Cr13 S41008, GB/T 4237 04Cr13Ni5Mo S41595, GB/T 4237 06Cr19Ni10 S30408, GB/T 4237 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 S31603.
Comparison with sister grades
The table compares 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi with the grades buyers most often weigh it against. Strength values are GB/T 4237-2015 minimums; PREN is calculated from the minimum chemistry.
| Grade (GB/T 4237) | Key chemistry, % | PREN min | Rp0.2 min, MPa | Rm min, MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi S51290 | C ≤ 0.05, Cr 11.00 – 12.50, Ni 7.50 – 9.50, Mo ≤ 0.50, Cu 1.50 – 2.50, Ti 0.80 – 1.40 | 11.0 | see Table 24 | — |
| GB/T 4237 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al S51380 | C ≤ 0.05, Cr 12.30 – 13.25, Ni 7.50 – 8.50, Mo 2.00 – 2.50, N ≤ 0.010 | 18.9 | see Table 24 | — |
| GB/T 4237 07Cr17Ni7Al S51770 | C ≤ 0.09, Cr 16.00 – 18.00, Ni 6.50 – 7.75 | 16.0 | see Table 24 | — |
| GB/T 4237 07Cr15Ni7Mo2Al S51570 | C ≤ 0.09, Cr 14.00 – 16.00, Ni 6.50 – 7.75, Mo 2.00 – 3.00 | 20.6 | see Table 24 | — |
Aged property values on this page come from ASTM A693 practice for the same chemistry family and should be confirmed against GB/T 4237-2015 Table 25 and the mill certificate. Supplied solution-treated; the customer usually ages after machining.
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi plate sizes
| Dimension | Typical supply |
|---|---|
| Thickness | 2 – 16 mm (thicker by mill agreement) |
| Width | 1 000 / 1 219 / 1 250 / 1 500 / 1 800 / 2 000 mm; wider by mill order |
| Length | 2 000 / 2 438 / 3 000 / 6 000 mm or cut to size |
| Flatness | Per GB/T 4237; ≤15 mm per metre for plate up to 25 mm unless agreed tighter |
| Thickness tolerance | Per the GB/T 4237 dimensional tolerance tables (normal or higher accuracy as ordered) |
| Edge | Mill edge or cut edge |
Weight: plate mass in kg/m² = thickness (mm) × density (7.8 g/cm³). A 10 mm 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi plate weighs about 78.0 kg/m²; a 1 500 × 6 000 × 10 mm plate about 702 kg.
Finishes and warehouse services
| Finish | Description | Availability for this grade |
|---|---|---|
| No.1 / 1D | Hot rolled, heat treated, pickled; the GB/T 4237 standard surface | Standard |
| Shot-blasted + pickled | Uniform matte for welded structures | On request |
| Ground | Ground surface for defect removal or UT | On request |
| 2B / BA | Cold-rolled finishes (ordered as GB/T 3280 sheet, not hot-rolled plate) | Sheet only |
Our warehouse cuts plate to size (plasma, laser, waterjet, saw), bevels weld edges, polishes and applies PVC protective film. Processed plate ships with the original mill heat number marked. Ask for cut pieces of other stainless steel products at the same time to consolidate freight.
Testing and certification
- Heat chemical analysis on every heat; product analysis by agreement
- Tensile test (Rp0.2, Rm, A) per batch
- Hardness test
- Ultrasonic testing (NB/T 47013.3 or ASTM A578) when specified
- Positive material identification (PMI) on every plate leaving our warehouse
- Visual and dimensional inspection; third-party inspection (SGS, BV, TÜV, Intertek) at the buyer’s request
Certificates follow EN 10204 3.1 as standard. Where plate is also certified to ASME SA240 or ASTM A240, both standards are shown on one certificate.
How to order
- Standard and edition: GB/T 4237-2015
- Grade and code: 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (S51290); add the equivalent if dual certification is needed
- Thickness × width × length, quantity in pieces or tonnes
- Thickness tolerance class and flatness if tighter than standard
- Surface finish and protective film
- Tests beyond the standard (IGC, UT, impact, ferrite, PMI, grain size)
- Certificate type (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2) and inspection body
- Marking, packing (wooden cases, steel pallets) and delivery terms
Send the list to SHH STEEL and we return a quotation with mill, lead time and stock options. Other grades from the same standard can be combined in one shipment; browse GB/T 4237 plate grades.
Mill sourcing and lead time
022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi is produced by a small number of Chinese mills with the melting and heat treatment capability for it. We place mill orders for it through the producers we represent and do not usually hold it in stock. Expect about 45–90 days, with minimum quantities per thickness; we can combine small quantities into one rolling where the mill allows.
Every plate is traceable to its heat number, and copies of the mill certificates stay on file for repeat orders and audits. The same mills also supply our ASTM A240, ASME SA240, JIS G4305 and AISI plate ranges, so mixed-standard orders can ship together.
FAQ
- How is 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi heat treated?
- 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (S51290) is supplied solution treated (around 830 °C, then air or water cooled) and aged by the user at roughly 480–510 °C for about 4 h to reach full strength. Exact aging temperatures depend on the strength and toughness needed.
- What is the chemical composition of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi?
- Under GB/T 4237-2015 Table 19, 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (S51290) has C ≤ 0.05, Cr 11.00 – 12.50, Ni 7.50 – 9.50, Mo ≤ 0.50, Cu 1.50 – 2.50, Ti 0.80 – 1.40; Nb+Ta: 0.10 – 0.50. Phosphorus is limited to ≤0.040% and sulfur to ≤0.030%.
- What is the ASTM equivalent of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi?
- The closest equivalents of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (S51290) are XM-16 / S45500 (ASTM A693) in ASTM, X5CrNiCuNb16-4 is not equivalent; closest 1.4543 X3CrNiCuTiNb12-9 in EN (common name: 455-type maraging PH). Chemistry limits differ slightly, so dual certification depends on the actual heat.
- What strength does 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi reach after ageing?
- 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi is delivered solution treated and aged by the user. H900-type ageing 480 °C: Rp0.2 ≥ 1 410 (ASTM A693 XM-16 ref.) MPa, Rm ≥ 1 525 MPa; H950-type ageing 510 °C: Rp0.2 ≥ 1 275 (ASTM A693 ref.) MPa, Rm ≥ 1 380 MPa.
- Is 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi stainless steel magnetic?
- Yes. 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi is precipitation-hardening and is magnetic in all conditions.
- What thickness of 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi plate can you supply?
- Under GB/T 4237 we supply 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi hot-rolled plate in 2 – 16 mm (thicker by mill agreement), widths up to 2 000 mm (wider by mill order), cut to size in our warehouse. Thinner material is cold-rolled sheet to GB/T 3280.
Conclusion
GB/T 4237 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi (S51290) is a precipitation-hardening plate grade, known internationally as 455-type maraging PH. It is defined by Table 19 chemistry (C ≤ 0.05, Cr 11.00 – 12.50, Ni 7.50 – 9.50, Mo ≤ 0.50, Cu 1.50 – 2.50, Ti 0.80 – 1.40) and Tables 24 and 25 properties. Typical uses include high-strength aerospace and defence parts, springs and fasteners and surgical and instrument components. Aged property values on this page come from ASTM A693 practice for the same chemistry family and should be confirmed against GB/T 4237-2015 Table 25 and the mill certificate.
Before ordering, state the standard edition, the grade name with its code, and any extra tests, so that the mill certificate matches your design documents. SHH STEEL supplies 022Cr12Ni9Cu2NbTi plate by mill order through the producers we represent, cut to size and finished in our own warehouse, with EN 10204 3.1 certificates. For related grades see GB/T 4237 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al S51380 and GB/T 4237 07Cr17Ni7Al S51770, our GB/T 4237 category and the JIS G4305 SUS630 page. Send your sizes and quantities for a quotation.
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